{"id":2321,"date":"2024-06-03T09:10:45","date_gmt":"2024-06-03T07:10:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/?p=2321"},"modified":"2024-06-03T09:12:10","modified_gmt":"2024-06-03T07:12:10","slug":"prevence-rakoviny-kuze-jak-uv-zareni-skodi-a-je-mozne-se-opalovat-bezpecne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/prevence-rakoviny-kuze-jak-uv-zareni-skodi-a-je-mozne-se-opalovat-bezpecne\/","title":{"rendered":"Prevence rakoviny k\u016f\u017ee: Jak UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed \u0161kod\u00ed a je mo\u017en\u00e9 se opalovat bezpe\u010dn\u011b?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bronzov\u00e9 op\u00e1len\u00ed je m\u00f3dn\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9 a \u010dasto b\u00fdv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011btem kompliment\u016f po va\u0161em n\u00e1vratu z dovolen\u00e9. Pro\u010d se tedy o sn\u011bdou k\u016f\u017ei nesna\u017eit? Alespo\u0148 jeden dobr\u00fd d\u016fvod se najde. Opalov\u00e1n\u00ed je jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din vzniku melanomu, tedy ob\u00e1van\u00e9 rakoviny k\u016f\u017ee. A to i s ochranou proti UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a jeho UV paprsky maj\u00ed na \u010dlov\u011bka celou \u0159adu pozitivn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f, mezi kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed i umo\u017en\u011bn\u00ed synt\u00e9zy \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho vitam\u00ednu D, s ni\u010d\u00edm se to ov\u0161em nem\u00e1 p\u0159eh\u00e1n\u011bt. A to pr\u00e1v\u011b kv\u016fli UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je schopn\u00e9 nejen po\u0161kozen\u00ed ko\u017en\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b, ale i z\u00e1kladn\u00edho kamene na\u0161eho byt\u00ed \u2013 bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 DNA.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak n\u00e1m slunce \u0161kod\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ujasn\u011bme si, \u017ee samotn\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed paprsky za nic nemohou. Ni\u010div\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky m\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 je pouh\u00fdm zlomkem <\/strong>ve\u0161ker\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed radiace<\/strong> dopadaj\u00edc\u00ed na Zemi. Mo\u017en\u00e1 si je\u0161t\u011b vzpom\u00edn\u00e1te na lekce z fyziky a z\u00e1klady optiky, kde jste se poprv\u00e9 dozv\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee ultrafialov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed je definov\u00e1no kr\u00e1tkou vlnovou d\u00e9lkou<\/strong> (v nanometrech, nm). Sv\u011btlo tak kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky nen\u00ed viditeln\u00e9 lidsk\u00fdm okem, o to nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro v\u00e1s ale je. Poj\u010fme na to mrknout! Porozum\u011bn\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edm proces\u016fm v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee si p\u0159edstavit, k \u010demu vlastn\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed, kdy\u017e to s op\u00e1len\u00edm p\u0159e\u017eenete. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e9 typy UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed zn\u00e1me a jak\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky maj\u00ed? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

UVA z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed <\/strong>(vlnov\u00e1 d\u00e9lka 315-400 nm)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

UVA z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje drtivou v\u011bt\u0161inu<\/strong> v\u0161eho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v UV spektru v na\u0161\u00ed atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. Bez probl\u00e9mu pronik\u00e1 v\u0161emi vrstvami atmosf\u00e9ry na Zemi a nezastav\u00ed<\/strong> ho ozonov\u00e1 vrstva ani mraky<\/strong>. Tento typ z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed tedy va\u0161i poko\u017eku ovliv\u0148uje nejen na p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m slunci, ale i kdy\u017e je obla\u010dno a dokonce UVA z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1me i v noci. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee UVA z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed m\u00e1 ze v\u0161ech typ\u016f UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nejdel\u0161\u00ed vlnovou d\u00e9lku<\/strong>, pronik\u00e1 poko\u017ekou a\u017e do jej\u00edch spodn\u00ed vrstvy, kterou naz\u00fdv\u00e1me \u201c\u0161k\u00e1ra\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00fd je d\u016fsledek? \u010c\u00e1stice z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed zde \u201cnar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed\u201d do ko\u017en\u00edch bun\u011bk a po\u0161kozuj\u00ed je<\/strong>. UVA z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velkou energii, po\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch struktur je tedy pozvoln\u00e9 a zprvu neznateln\u00e9<\/strong>. V dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu se ale toto po\u0161kozen\u00ed projevuje viditeln\u00fdm p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdm st\u00e1rnut\u00edm a zvr\u00e1sn\u011bn\u00edm k\u016f\u017ee<\/strong>, jej\u00ed\u017e po\u0161kozen\u00e9 bu\u0148ky nedok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed produkovat kolagen, elastin a dal\u0161\u00ed proteiny jako d\u0159\u00edve. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

UVB z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed <\/strong>(vlnov\u00e1 d\u00e9lka 280\u2013315 nm)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

UVB z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed je druh\u00fdm typem ultrafialov\u00e9ho sv\u011btla, kter\u00e9 k n\u00e1m m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b s tepl\u00fdmi slune\u010dn\u00edmi paprsky. Stejn\u011b jako UVA proch\u00e1z\u00ed ozonovou vrstvou<\/strong>, ov\u0161em velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st UVB <\/strong>je v n\u00ed kv\u016fli krat\u0161\u00ed vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lce zachycena<\/strong> a tak\u00e9 tyto \u010d\u00e1stice neproch\u00e1z\u00ed mraky<\/strong>. Riziko tedy p\u0159edstavuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vystaven\u00ed poko\u017eky p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9mu slunci<\/strong>. Neprojde tak hluboko do k\u016f\u017ee, ale jeho \u010d\u00e1stice nesou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed energii<\/strong> ne\u017e UVA. V samotn\u00e9 epidermis (vrchn\u00ed vrstv\u011b k\u016f\u017ee) pak nabit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice UVB o to v\u00edc \u201cnar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed\u201d do bun\u011bk, chromozom\u016f a jejich nejmen\u0161\u00edch jednotek, tedy DNA. Efekty UVB z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed jsou tedy samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tak\u00e9 dlouhodob\u00e9, zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed ale i kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 zm\u011bny jako op\u00e1len\u00ed <\/strong>a (m\u00e9n\u011b \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9) sp\u00e1len\u00ed<\/strong> k\u016f\u017ee. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hod\u00ed se tak\u00e9 dodat, \u017ee hezk\u00e9 op\u00e1len\u00ed je ov\u0161em jen vedlej\u0161\u00edm efektem vystaven\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee slunci. \u00da\u010delem ztmavnut\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee je obrana p\u0159ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm<\/strong>, za co\u017e jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 melanocyty, kter\u00e9 v reakci na UVB z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed produkuj\u00ed tmav\u00fd pigment melanin. Pamatujte, \u017ee k\u016f\u017ee nen\u00ed jedin\u00fd org\u00e1n, kter\u00e9mu UVB z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed \u0161kod\u00ed. Po\u0161kozen\u00ed se t\u00fdk\u00e1 o\u010d\u00ed<\/strong>, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rohovky a s\u00edtnice. Slune\u010dn\u00ed br\u00fdle s UVA a UVB filtrem tedy m\u011bjte v\u017edy po ruce. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0160kodliv\u00e9<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

UVC z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong> (vlnov\u00e1 d\u00e9lka 185-279 nm)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Kolik toho je\u0161t\u011b bude\u2026? Nebojte, tady kon\u010d\u00edme, a nav\u00edc uv\u00e1d\u00edme UVC z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed jen pro \u00faplnost. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed vysoce energetick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice UVC z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed se \u201cspot\u0159ebuj\u00ed\u201d chemickou reakc\u00ed ji\u017e ve stratosf\u00e9\u0159e. Neproch\u00e1z\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rou<\/strong> a nemus\u00edte se tedy b\u00e1t expozice tohoto z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i pobytu na slunci. Velmi nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 by ale bylo vystaven\u00ed UVC z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed z um\u011bl\u00fdch zdroj\u016f<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

UVC z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed je ozna\u010dov\u00e1no jako \u201cgermicidn\u00ed\u201d, nebo\u0165 velmi \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b likviduje bu\u0148ky<\/strong>, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mikroorganismy. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se proto k desinfekci prostor\u016f a m\u00e1 ni\u010div\u00fd vliv na zdrav\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee i o\u010d\u00ed <\/strong>\u010dlov\u011bka. Zp\u016fsobuje dokonce reakce podobn\u00e9 pop\u00e1lenin\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slunce vs. sol\u00e1rium: Co je lep\u0161\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

UV spektrum<\/strong> p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z UVA (cca 95 %)<\/strong> a z men\u0161iny z nezachycen\u00e9ho UVB (cca 5 %)<\/strong>. Velmi podobn\u00fd pom\u011br typ\u016f z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00edme i v sol\u00e1ri\u00edch<\/strong>. V\u016fbec si tedy nepom\u016f\u017eete, kdy\u017e leh\u00e1tko na zahrad\u011b vym\u011bn\u00edte za leh\u00e1tko v salonu. A to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u017edy po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me s t\u00edm, \u017ee se chr\u00e1n\u00edte odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edmi ochrann\u00fdmi produkty. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011bry n\u011bkter\u00fdch klinick\u00fdch studi\u00ed dokonce uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee sol\u00e1rium je pro va\u0161i k\u016f\u017ei je\u0161t\u011b \u0161kodliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/strong> ne\u017e p\u0159irozen\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Nejen\u017ee \u010dast\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy sol\u00e1ri\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei po\u0161kozuj\u00ed a zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed jej\u00ed p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed, alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed jsou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm karcinogenn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky intenzivn\u00edho oza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee. Riziko rakovinn\u00e9ho bujen\u00ed <\/strong>je u v\u011brn\u00fdch n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f sol\u00e1ri\u00ed <\/strong>zkr\u00e1tka n\u00e1sobn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u lid\u00ed<\/strong>, kte\u0159\u00ed sem tam chytaj\u00ed bronz s adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed ochranou pomoc\u00ed SPF na dovolen\u00e9, a nep\u0159ekvapiv\u011b tak\u00e9 dramaticky vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se c\u00edlen\u011b neopaluj\u00ed v\u016fbec.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0160kodliv\u00e9<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Existuje zdrav\u00e9 opalov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pokud bychom se zam\u011b\u0159ili pouze na produkci vitam\u00ednu D<\/strong> a pozitivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky na lidskou psychiku<\/strong>, pobyt na slunci rozhodn\u011b nezavrhneme. Ale bohu\u017eel, c\u00edlen\u00e9 opalov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> nen\u00ed<\/strong> s ohledem na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko vzniku melanomu zdrav\u00e9 nikdy<\/strong>. Rizika m\u016f\u017eete jedin\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit<\/strong>, a to <\/strong>dob\u0159e zvolenou ochranou v podob\u011b nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch opalovac\u00edch kr\u00e9m\u016f<\/strong>. P\u0159i del\u0161\u00edm pobytu na slunci volte produkty s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm SPF (50+)<\/strong>, nan\u00e1\u0161ejte je pravideln\u011b znovu<\/strong>. Nezapome\u0148te ani na citliv\u00e1 m\u00edsta<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 jsou exponovan\u00e1 slune\u010dn\u00edm paprsk\u016fm. T\u011bmi jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad nos, u\u0161i nebo zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st krku. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chcete p\u0159edch\u00e1zet hlubok\u00fdm vr\u00e1sk\u00e1m a \u201cpap\u00edrov\u00e9\u201d poko\u017ece? Ka\u017ed\u00fd dermatolog by v\u00e1m doporu\u010dil, abyste si zvykli pou\u017e\u00edvat opalovac\u00ed kr\u00e9m na obli\u010dej <\/strong>a dal\u0161\u00ed nezahalen\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla ka\u017ed\u00fd den<\/strong>, a\u0165 u\u017e je zata\u017eeno nebo slune\u010dno<\/strong>, v l\u00e9t\u011b i v zim\u011b<\/strong>. Jak u\u017e toti\u017e v\u00edte, UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 mr\u00e1\u010dky na obloze v\u016fbec nezastav\u00ed. I kdy\u017e v zim\u011b intenzita slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nen\u00ed tak v\u00fdznamn\u00e1, rozhodn\u011b nen\u00ed zanedbateln\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddka m\u016f\u017ee zachr\u00e1nit \u017eivot<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

U\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te si slun\u00ed\u010dka a sn\u011bd\u00e9ho op\u00e1len\u00ed? Nezanedb\u00e1vejte d\u016fle\u017eitost preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddky znam\u00e9nek<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee v\u010das odhalit melanom<\/strong>. Prohl\u00eddky u dermatologa se nebojte. Vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed znam\u00e9nek nen\u00ed bolestiv\u00e9 ani nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9<\/strong>. M\u00e1 jen sam\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. V\u010dasn\u00fd z\u00e1chyt n\u00e1doru k\u016f\u017ee m\u016f\u017ee znamenat mnohem krat\u0161\u00ed a snaz\u0161\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu<\/strong> s velmi vysokou \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost\u00ed. A detailn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed znam\u00e9nek je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b hrazeno z va\u0161eho zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e u\u017e odejdete z preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddky se \u0161patn\u00fdmi zpr\u00e1vami, nepropadejte panice. Proces l\u00e9\u010dby a rekonvalescence sice m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, m\u016f\u017eete ale vyu\u017e\u00edt pomocnou ruku v podob\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/a> s poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed. Poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pom\u016f\u017ee nejen v okam\u017eiku diagn\u00f3zy n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> v\u010detn\u011b melanomu a dal\u0161\u00edch typ\u016f rakoviny k\u016f\u017ee, ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159i v\u00fdskytu kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch<\/strong>, neurologick\u00fdch<\/strong> a dal\u0161\u00edch v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch chorob<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je\u0161t\u011b sv\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nem\u00e1te? Pod\u00edvejte se, jak by vypadalo kvalitn\u00ed a v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b pro v\u00e1s. Ale samoz\u0159ejm\u011b se nejd\u0159\u00edv nezapome\u0148te po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b namazat!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
Srovnat \u017eivotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bronzov\u00e9 op\u00e1len\u00ed je m\u00f3dn\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9 a \u010dasto b\u00fdv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011btem kompliment\u016f po va\u0161em n\u00e1vratu z dovolen\u00e9. Opalov\u00e1n\u00ed je ale tak\u00e9 jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din rakoviny k\u016f\u017ee. A to i s ochranou proti UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":2324,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,8],"tags":[30],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2321"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2321"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2321\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2444,"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2321\/revisions\/2444"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2324"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2321"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2321"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}