{"id":2453,"date":"2024-06-13T09:37:29","date_gmt":"2024-06-13T07:37:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/?p=2453"},"modified":"2024-06-13T09:37:30","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T07:37:30","slug":"uder-blesku-do-cloveka-je-raritou-ale-deje-se-jak-se-chranit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/uder-blesku-do-cloveka-je-raritou-ale-deje-se-jak-se-chranit\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dader blesku do \u010dlov\u011bka je raritou, ale d\u011bje se. Jak se chr\u00e1nit?\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Bou\u0159kov\u00e1 sez\u00f3na p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed a rozhodn\u011b se vyplat\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bt, jak se p\u0159ed pohromou z nebes br\u00e1nit. M\u016f\u017ee toti\u017e v\u00e1\u017en\u011b ohrozit v\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivot. Pov\u00edme v\u00e1m, jak na to, abyste \u00fader blesku neza\u017eili doslova na vlastn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bou\u0159ky tvo\u0159\u00ed na nebi kr\u00e1snou scen\u00e9rii, za kterou se mnoho takzvan\u00fdch lovc\u016f bou\u0159ek s nad\u0161en\u00edm vyd\u00e1v\u00e1. A\u010dkoliv z d\u00e1lky nebo z pohodl\u00ed domova nejsou hromy a blesky ni\u010d\u00edm d\u011bsiv\u00fdm, z bl\u00edzka u\u017e to takov\u00e1 legrace nen\u00ed. I kdy\u017e se v takov\u00e9 situaci ocitnete, m\u016f\u017eete riziko zran\u011bn\u00ed a fat\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1sledk\u016f sn\u00ed\u017eit. Jdeme na to.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dader blesku: Riziko pro zdrav\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dader blesku do \u010dlov\u011bka si \u010dasto p\u0159edstavujeme jako fantaskn\u00ed situaci, ke kter\u00e9 doch\u00e1z\u00ed leda tak ve filmech. Mysl\u00edte si, \u017ee je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee na v\u00e1s spadne meteorit? A\u010dkoliv nejde o zcela b\u011b\u017en\u00fd \u00fakaz, <strong>p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm \u010di nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm \u00faderem blesku<\/strong> m\u016f\u017eete b\u00fdt zasa\u017eeni s v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed, ne\u017e \u017ee by v\u00e1s p\u0159i plav\u00e1n\u00ed na letn\u00ed dovolen\u00e9 se\u017eral \u017eralok.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Co se p\u0159i \u00faderu blesku odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble? Ur\u010dit\u011b v\u00edte, \u017ee srde\u010dn\u00ed i nervov\u00e1 \u010dinnost spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tvorb\u011b a rozv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b \u201cvylad\u011bn\u00fdch\u201d <strong>elektrick\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f<\/strong>. Ty jsou p\u0159irozen\u011b velmi slab\u00e9, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v r\u00e1mci srde\u010dn\u00ed aktivity m\u016f\u017eeme hovo\u0159it o <strong>des\u00edtk\u00e1ch milivolt\u016f<\/strong>. Blesk oproti tomu p\u0159edstavuje velmi siln\u00fd elektrick\u00fd v\u00fdboj s nap\u011bt\u00edm ve stovk\u00e1ch megavolt\u016f a\u017e 1 gigavoltu. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho \u00faderu blesku pak m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k v\u00fdboji st\u00e1le velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 energie i p\u0159es <strong>vzd\u00e1lenost 1 kilometru<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho je logick\u00e9, \u017ee i nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fd, a t\u00edm sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd \u00fader blesku m\u016f\u017ee znamenat ni\u010div\u00e9 <strong>p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong> b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch t\u011blesn\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f s v\u00fdsledkem <strong>srde\u010dn\u00ed arytmie \u010di p\u0159\u00edmo z\u00e1stavy <\/strong>spole\u010dn\u011b se <strong>z\u00e1stavou dechu<\/strong> a nervov\u00fdch i svalov\u00fdch funkc\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho se kv\u016fli samotn\u00e9mu kontaktu velmi hork\u00e9ho v\u00fdboje s t\u011blem tak\u00e9 \u00farazy elektrick\u00fdm proudem projevuj\u00ed <strong>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdmi pop\u00e1leninami<\/strong>. Zakon\u010d\u00edme ale tuto kapitolu alespo\u0148 trochu pozitivn\u011b: <strong>t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny<\/strong> v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f zasa\u017een\u00ed bleskem nekon\u010d\u00ed \u00famrt\u00edm.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak se chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed \u00faderem blesku?&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Rada nad zlato: Zapamatujte si <strong>pravidlo 30\/30<\/strong>: Pokud mezi spat\u0159en\u00edm blesku a zah\u0159m\u011bn\u00edm napo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1te m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 30 sekund, bou\u0159ka je m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 10 kilometr\u016f od v\u00e1s. V takov\u00e9 chv\u00edli byste se m\u011bli dostat do zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 budovy a nevych\u00e1zet d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e 30 minut po posledn\u00edm \u00faderu hromu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se p\u0159i ne\u010dekan\u00e9 bou\u0159ce <strong>nenach\u00e1z\u00edte v bezpe\u010d\u00ed domova<\/strong> nebo jin\u00e9 budovy vybaven\u00e9 hromosvodem, sni\u017ete riziko \u00faderu blesku. Bohu\u017eel s popularizac\u00ed tohoto t\u00e9matu se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 mnoho m\u00fdt\u016f a polopravd. Jak to tedy je?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Na kopci vs. v \u00fadol\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Co ned\u011blat<\/strong>: Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed <strong>nezalesn\u011bn\u00e9 kopce, louky \u010di pole<\/strong> v otev\u0159en\u00e9 krajin\u011b, kde se jako stoj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk bez nads\u00e1zky st\u00e1v\u00e1te pohybliv\u00fdm hromosvodem. Ani jeden zbloudil\u00fd stromek v\u00e1s neochr\u00e1n\u00ed. V takov\u00fdch m\u00edstech byste se p\u0159i bou\u0159ce <strong>v\u016fbec nem\u011bli pohybovat<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Co naopak ud\u011blat<\/strong>: P\u0159ejd\u011bte do <strong>ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch poloh a u\u017e\u0161\u00edch \u00fadol\u00ed<\/strong>, kde je riziko \u00faderu blesku v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Je ale vhodn\u00e9 si zkontrolovat, zda nejste v bl\u00edzkosti vodn\u00edho toku a do \u00fadol\u00ed nebude st\u00e9kat voda. To by se v\u00e1m toti\u017e mohlo vymst\u00edt.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dato\u010di\u0161t\u011b pod stromem vs. pod stromy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Co ned\u011blat<\/strong>: Jednotliv\u00fd <strong>strom v krajin\u011b <\/strong>v\u00e1m v\u016fbec nepom\u016f\u017ee. Stejn\u011b zr\u00e1dn\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt rada <strong>schov\u00e1vat se do skal<\/strong>. Zaprv\u00e9 nelp\u011bte na nalezen\u00ed skaln\u00edch v\u00fdklenk\u016f, kdy\u017e nejste zrovna v Adr\u0161pachu, a zadruh\u00e9 ani zde v\u011bt\u0161inou nebudete m\u00edt jistotu bezpe\u010d\u00ed. Nehledejte bezpe\u010d\u00ed ani ve stanu nebo v mysliveck\u00e9m posedu.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Co d\u011blat<\/strong>: Rozumn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm je p\u0159e\u010dk\u00e1n\u00ed bou\u0159ky <strong>v hust\u00e9m lese<\/strong>, v <strong>udr\u017eovan\u00fdch budov\u00e1ch<\/strong> s hromosvodem nebo v <strong>uzav\u0159en\u00e9m aut\u011b<\/strong>. Auto, respektive jeho kovov\u00e1 konstrukce, funguje jako tzv. Faradayova klec, kter\u00e1 ve\u0161ker\u00fd proud vede po povrchu a uvnit\u0159 m\u016f\u017eete b\u00fdt zcela v bezpe\u010d\u00ed. To ov\u0161em plat\u00ed jen ve chv\u00edli, kdy jsou v\u0161echny obvodov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti auta <strong>v\u010detn\u011b dve\u0159\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00e9<\/strong>. S kabrioletem to nezkou\u0161ejte.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ve vod\u011b vs. v suchu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Co ned\u011blat<\/strong>: Plavit se v<strong> lo\u010fk\u00e1ch<\/strong> nebo<strong> koupat se <\/strong>p\u0159i bou\u0159ce je naprosto <strong>vylou\u010deno<\/strong>. P\u0159i ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 n\u00e1hod\u011b by se mohlo st\u00e1t, \u017ee blesk ude\u0159\u00ed do jezera, rybn\u00edku \u010di baz\u00e9nu a stane se (ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku) \u00fapln\u011b to sam\u00e9, jako kdy\u017e do napu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 vany hod\u00edte zapojen\u00fd toustova\u010d. Ned\u011blejte to.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Co d\u011blat<\/strong>: Od vody bu\u010fte co nejd\u00e1l. Pokud jste n\u011bjakou tu koupa\u010dku absolvovali, nezapome\u0148te se <strong>po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b osu\u0161it<\/strong>. Suchou k\u016f\u017ei blesk zas\u00e1hne stejn\u011b jako vlhkou, ov\u0161em v\u00fdrazn\u011b se li\u0161\u00ed <strong>z\u00e1va\u017enost n\u00e1sledk\u016f <\/strong>kv\u016fli sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9mu elektrick\u00e9mu odporu mokr\u00e9 poko\u017eky.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">St\u00e1n\u00ed pod de\u0161tn\u00edkem vs. d\u0159ep u zem\u011b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Co ned\u011blat<\/strong>: \u010casto se setk\u00e1te s radou, abyste u sebe nem\u011bli kovov\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, kter\u00e9 \u201cp\u0159itahuj\u00ed blesky\u201d. Proti tomu nem\u016f\u017eeme nic nam\u00edtnout, ale uv\u011bdomte si, \u017ee tady nejde jen o \u0161perky. Je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jeden n\u00e1ramek m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00e1\u0161<strong> de\u0161tn\u00edk s kovov\u00fdmi v\u00fdztuhami<\/strong>, kter\u00fd p\u0159i de\u0161ti pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te zcela p\u0159irozen\u011b a bez rozmyslu.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Co d\u011blat<\/strong>: Kdy\u017e u\u017e opravdu nem\u016f\u017eete sehnat bezpe\u010dn\u00fd \u00fakryt, chr\u00e1nit se m\u016f\u017eete <strong>bezpe\u010dnou polohou<\/strong> co nejbl\u00ed\u017ee zemi. Ale <strong>pozor, nele\u017ete<\/strong>! Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed poloha je <strong>pod\u0159ep<\/strong> s nohama t\u011bsn\u011b u sebe, kde chodidla vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tvar p\u00edsmena V, schoulenou hlavou a rukama na kolenou. Principem t\u00e9to bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 polohy je jednak b\u00fdt co nejn\u00ed\u017ee, tak i d\u00e1t p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9mu v\u00fdboji <strong>nejkrat\u0161\u00ed cestu <\/strong>p\u0159es va\u0161e spojen\u00e9 nohy, tedy mimo \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 org\u00e1ny.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/breek\/assets\/images\/transparent.gif\" data-lazy=\"true\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/side-view-adventurous-couple-bivouacking-1-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\u00dader blesku - kempov\u00e1n\u00ed\" class=\"wp-image-2465\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/side-view-adventurous-couple-bivouacking-1-1-1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/side-view-adventurous-couple-bivouacking-1-1-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/side-view-adventurous-couple-bivouacking-1-1-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/side-view-adventurous-couple-bivouacking-1-1-1-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/side-view-adventurous-couple-bivouacking-1-1-1-675x450.jpg 675w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co kdy\u017e blesk ude\u0159\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Zran\u011bn\u00ed \u00faderem blesku nebo \u00farazy zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 t\u0159eba n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm p\u00e1dem stromu je <strong>v\u017edy d\u016fvodem pro z\u00e1sah<\/strong> zdravotnick\u00e9 z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Pokud tedy m\u00e1te d\u016fvodn\u00e9 podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bkdo byl zasa\u017een elektrick\u00fdm v\u00fdbojem, nev\u00e1hejte a to\u010dte <strong>\u010d\u00edslo 155<\/strong>. I u \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00e9mu zd\u00e1nliv\u011b nen\u00ed pomoci, je vhodn\u00e9 zah\u00e1jit <strong>srde\u010dn\u00ed mas\u00e1\u017e <\/strong>a prov\u00e1d\u011bt ji do p\u0159\u00edjezdu IZS. P\u0159\u00edpad\u016f \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 resuscitace po \u00faderu blesku ji\u017e zn\u00e1me mnoho. Nemus\u00edte se tak\u00e9 b\u00e1t, \u017ee byste od zasa\u017een\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka dostali r\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rekonvalescence po \u00faderu blesku m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt komplikovan\u00e1 a zdlouhav\u00e1. Krom\u011b ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch <strong>pop\u00e1lenin<\/strong> se mohou objevit <strong>neurologick\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee<\/strong> po zasa\u017een\u00ed mozkov\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed (nap\u0159. z\u00e1chvaty) i po\u0161kozen\u00ed<strong> vnit\u0159n\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f<\/strong>, a to \u010dasto nevratn\u00e1. Zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jsou i p\u0159\u00edpady rozvoje <strong>chronick\u00fdch posti\u017een\u00ed oka<\/strong>, mezi nimi\u017e je nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed katarakta, neboli \u0161ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S n\u00e1sledky, jejich\u017e l\u00e9\u010dba \u010di alespo\u0148 zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 <strong>\u010dasov\u011b i finan\u010dn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1<\/strong>, m\u016f\u017ee pomoci <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/pojisteni-zivota\/\"><strong>\u017eivotn\u00ed a \u00farazov\u00e9 poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>. Jeliko\u017e z\u00e1sah bleskem je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u00faraz, pokud v\u00e1s toto ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed potk\u00e1, m\u016f\u017eete \u010derpat pln\u011bn\u00ed ze sv\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho nebo \u00farazov\u00e9ho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed s riziky trval\u00fdch n\u00e1sledk\u016f \u00farazu, invalidity a kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad v r\u00e1mci poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/nemocenske-pojisteni-a-pracovni-neschopnost-v-zivotku\/\">pracovn\u00ed neschopnosti<\/a> nebo hospitalizace. Poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00e1m kryje z\u00e1da i v situac\u00edch, kdy to opravdu ne\u010dek\u00e1te. Tak si ho rovnou srovnejte!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-font-size aligncenter\" style=\"font-size:18px\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/pojisteni-zivota\/\" style=\"background-color:#605db5\">Srovnat \u017eivotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bou\u0159kov\u00e1 sez\u00f3na p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed a rozhodn\u011b se vyplat\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bt, jak se p\u0159ed pohromou z nebes br\u00e1nit. M\u016f\u017ee toti\u017e v\u00e1\u017en\u011b ohrozit v\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivot. Pov\u00edme v\u00e1m, jak na to, abyste \u00fader blesku neza\u017eili doslova na vlastn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":2456,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,8],"tags":[25,30],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2453"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2453"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2453\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2466,"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2453\/revisions\/2466"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2453"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2453"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rixo.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2453"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}